By Matt Nelson
While there have been loads of famous cars that have cropped up over the years, there's nearly an equal number of iconic engines that have seen the light of day, too. You don't have to scratch your head long enough to come up with a few prime examples of famous mills, such as the Chevrolet small-block V8, the Buick 3800, and the Honda K-Series. These, along with quite a few other motors, have powered countless models over the course of their lives.
While we might not think of Volkswagen as an iconic engine builder, the German brand was responsible for building one of the strangest mass-produced engines in the modern era. It was called the VR6, and while it boasted six cylinders in its standard configuration, they weren't arranged in any sort of conventional way. The VR6 served Volkswagen for well over 30 years, and was finally axed just recently. However, the VR6's repertoire extended far beyond family cars and hot hatchbacks: some versions of the mill were capable of serious power.
A Problem-Turned Solution
Quick Facts About The Volkswagen VR6 Engine
- Introduced in 1991
- Built with compactness in mind
- First featured in the Volkswagen Corrado and Passat
- Evolved into numerous other engines throughout its life, including a W16
- Axed following the 2024 model year
In the late 1980s, Volkswagen had a dilemma. The brand wanted to produce smaller cars with more power, but packaging restraints meant those small cars could only typically fit four-cylinder engines. Back then, four-bangers weren't very powerful by any stretch. For context, the 1989 Volkswagen Golf GTi only produced 139 horsepower in its hottest spec. That amount of output was respectable, and it was able to propel the little hot hatch from 0 to 60 mph in about 8.6 seconds, but it still wasn't enough for VW.
With both the issue of power output and packaging in mind, Volkswagen set about trying to solve the problem in any way possible. This meant a conventional V6 was out, as it was too wide for most transverse, front-wheel drive applications. Inline-six engines were also out of the question, as placing them in a side-to-side orientation would be much too wide. In an unconventional move, the German automaker's solution was to build a mill with more cylinders that would also sport a similar footprint to an inline-four.
Enter the VR6 engine. It was similar in size to a four-pot, and also boasted a single cylinder head. However, underneath that head were six pistons arranged in an extremely narrow "Vee" angle. In other words, think of the VR6 as a V6 where both cylinder banks share a single cylinder head. In early test runs, VW found the VR6 mill to be rather well-balanced. It ran smoothly thanks to its 1-5-3-6-2-4 firing order, a sequence shared with many conventional inline-six engines. The first iteration of the VR6 measured in at 2.9 liters, with a 2.8-liter also available for USDM-spec Corrados and Passats.
| Engine Details | 2.9L NA VR6 |
|---|---|
| Horsepower | 188 hp |
| Torque | 181 lb-ft |
| Cylinder Bore | 3.228 inches |
| Piston Stroke | 3.555 inches |
| Dry Weight | 364–375 lbs |
| Compression Ratio | 10.0:1 |
A Quick Rise To Stardom
A year after its 1991 debut, where it only saw use in two models, VW expanded the VR6's scope of application. Alongside the Corrado and Passat, the VR6 was also given a spot in the MK3 Golf and the A3 Jetta/Vento. Folks who owned these early VR6-equipped models, reportedly, loved how smooth the engine seemed to be, while also being able to produce much more oomph than conventional inline-four motors available at the time. Exactly what VW was hoping for. Things were going so well, that even Mercedes-Benz and Ford used versions of VW's space-age VR6 engine in the Vito commercial van and the Galaxy Mk1, respectively.
Come 1997, VW decided to up the VR-engine ante a bit. That year, a VR5 iteration was launched. Building the VR5 version was rather easy for VW. All that was needed was to lop off a single cylinder from the VR6 mill and design the rest of the new motor around that principle. With the loss of a piston, the VR5 boasted a displacement of 2.3 liters. While less common, the VR5 did see widespread use in models like the VW New Beetle, MK4 Golf, B5 Passat, and even the Spanish-built SEAT Toledo MK2. The VR5 was in production until 2006, when it was axed without a direct replacement.
Two years after the VR5's debut, Volkswagen decided to give the original VR6 a major upgrade. Until this point, all VR6 engines sported a 12-valve valvetrain. However, now, VW granted the mill a 24-valve valvetrain, significantly increasing potential power output. Then, in 2001, the VR6 underwent its first official size increase, gaining 0.4 liters of displacement. The new, larger VR6 was first seen in 2001 in the VW New Beetle RSi. Shortly after, the Golf GTi and the Audi TT adopted the 3.2-liter VR6, as well. The final major change made to the VR6 was another size increase in 2005, after which the mill measured in at 3.6 liters.
Sources: Volkswagen, Bugatti, EncyCARpedia.com, Hemmings.com, The Autopian, Autocar.com
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This article originally appeared on CarBuzz and is republished here with permission.
