Military Update: The Department of Veterans Affairs published a revised rule Jan. 9 that allows payment of hundreds of thousands pending claims for private sector emergency care that veterans' other health insurance covered in part but not in full.
Some pending claims for non-VA emergency care were filed as far as back as 2010 and were kept alive by appeal. In some cases, individual reimbursements owed will total tens of thousands of dollars, for example for emergency heart surgery or other complex procedures not covered well by alternative health plans.
The revised rule says it won't allow retroactive reimbursements for non-VA emergency care claim decisions that became final before April 8, 2016, the day VA lost a landmark federal court fight with Air Force veteran Richard W. Staab.
Staab faced roughly $48,000 in unpaid private hospital bills after emergency heart surgery in December 2010. At the time VA had told Staab, and any other veteran forced to use outside emergency care, that the department would have covered the cost of such care if he they had had no other health insurance.
But Staab was eligible for Medicare, and because Medicare paid a portion of his emergency care cost, VA under long-standing regulations, had no obligation to cover remaining private sector emergency costs.
Staab's attorneys argued that VA, when it revised regulations in 2012, ignored the clear intent of a statute passed in 2009 to correct VA's convoluted interpretation of its payment obligations for outside emergency care.
Staab won a few lower court decisions, which VA appealed. Final victory came in a unanimous decision by a three-judge panel on the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims in April 2016. The appellate court said VA had ignored the "plain language" of the 2009 law requiring "VA to reimburse a veteran for that portion of expenses not covered by a health plan contract."
For more than a year VA pondered another appeal. But VA Secretary David Shulkin last June accepted defeat and said the regulation would be revised to comply with the court's decision. One reason for the long delay was money. VA had estimated if the Staab decision were allowed to stand, it would have to pay almost $2 billion on pending claims and more than $10 billion for a tidal wave of private sector emergency care claims expected over just the next decade.
The Jan. 9 rule specifically expands eligibility for reimbursement of non-VA emergency treatment to any veteran who receives only partial payment for such care from a health-plan contract. It also establishes a reimbursement methodology for payments. They are to cover "reasonable costs," to include hospital charges, professional fees and emergency transportation including ambulances.
By law, VA said, it cannot reimburse for co-pays, cost shares or deductibles required by other health insurance that veterans have. More information on the revised rule and related guidance is available here. The rule notice can be read in its entirety.
The rule explains that when a judicial decision invalidates a VA regulation or how it interprets a law, it "cannot affect prior final VA decisions," citing two earlier federal court decisions. Therefore "VA will not retroactively pay benefits for claims [that] were finally denied before April 8, 2016, date of the Staab decision. In other words, VA can only apply the [rule] to claims pending on or after April 8, 2016."
Since the Staab decision, VA had suspended action on any claim for non-VA emergency care. By Sept. 29 last year, claims "held in abeyance" totaled 822,000.
VA is now processing those claims using its revised rule.
Barton F. Stichman, one of Staab's attorneys, agreed with VA's contention in its revised rule that final denials of earlier claims -- from Feb. 1, 2010, the effective date of the law that expanded VA payment obligations, to April 8, 2016, the date of Staab appellate decision affirming that intent -- can't be re-filed or reimbursed.
In an earlier version of this column, Stichman was quoted as disagreeing with VA's finding in its revised rule that Staab could not be used by veterans whose claims for non-VA emergency care became final before April 8, 2016. Initially, he said final claims could be re-filed based on "clear and unmistakable error."
But having reviewed the two court cases VA cited in its rule, Stichman said he now understands that he erred. VA is following case law correctly, he said, in finding that Staab does not benefit veterans whose claims for non-VA emergency care became final before the decision date.
Courts have interpreted the "clear and unmistakable error" route for reconsideration of claims as not valid if based "on a new court interpretation of the law," Stichman said. Therefore, VA doesn't have to apply Staab retroactively to claims finally denied before that decision.
This column was updated Jan. 11 to reflect Barton F. Stichman's change to his earlier statements.
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Tom Philpott has been breaking news for and about military people since 1977. After service in the Coast Guard, and 17 years as a reporter and senior editor with Army Times Publishing Company, Tom launched "Military Update," his syndicated weekly news column, in 1994. "Military Update" features timely news and analysis on issues affecting active duty members, reservists, retirees and their families. Visit Tom Philpott's Military Update Archive to view his past articles. Tom also edits a reader reaction column, "Military Forum." The online home for both features is Military.com.
Tom's freelance articles have appeared in numerous magazines including The New Yorker, Reader's Digest and Washingtonian. His critically-acclaimed book, Glory Denied, on the extraordinary ordeal and heroism of Col. Floyd "Jim" Thompson, the longest-held prisoner of war in American history, is available in hardcover and paperback. Buy Glory Denied from Amazon
